Josef Hoffmann, a student of Otto Wagner, was one of the central figures of Viennese modernism as an architect and designer. In 1897 he was a founding member of the Vienna Secession. In 1899, when he was not even 30 years old, he was appointed professor at the Vienna School of Applied Arts. As an architect, he created important works of architectural history, such as the Purkersdorf sanatorium (1904), the Palais Stoclet (1911) in Brussels, the Villa Skywa-Primavesi, some municipal buildings and various style-defining exhibitions. In 1903 he founded the Wiener Werkstätte (WW) with Koloman Moser and the industrialist Fritz Waerndorfer, following the example of the British Arts and Crafts Movement and under the influence of Viennese Art Nouveau. Hoffmann remained one of the most important designers of the WW until it went bankrupt in 1932. Hofmann also designed a number of products for the glass manufacturer Lobmeyr, some of which are still produced today. Despite hostility from the Nazi architectural ideologist Paul Schmitthenner, Josef Hoffmann survived the Nazi era unscathed: He acted as artistic director of the Vienna arts and crafts association and an “artistic research institute” in which young artisans could further their education under Hoffmann's guidance. In 1948, Hoffmann founded the Austrian Workshops as the successor to the Wiener Werkstätte and Werkbund (ÖWB), of which he was a member until 1920. Josef Hoffmann, a student of Otto Wagner, was one of the central figures of Viennese modernism as an architect and designer. In 1897 he was a founding member of the Vienna Secession. In 1899, when he was not even 30 years old, he was appointed professor at the Vienna School of Applied Arts. As an architect, he created important works of architectural history, such as the Purkersdorf sanatorium (1904), the Palais Stoclet (1911) in Brussels, the Villa Skywa-Primavesi, some municipal buildings and various style-defining exhibitions. In 1903 he founded the Wiener Werkstätte (WW) with Koloman Moser and the industrialist Fritz Waerndorfer, following the example of the British Arts and Crafts Movement and under the influence of Viennese Art Nouveau. Hoffmann remained one of the most important designers of the WW until it went bankrupt in 1932. Hofmann also designed a number of products for the glass manufacturer Lobmeyr, some of which are still produced today. Despite hostility from the Nazi architectural ideologist Paul Schmitthenner, Josef Hoffmann survived the Nazi era unscathed: He acted as artistic director of the Vienna arts and crafts association and an “artistic research institute” in which young artisans could further their education under Hoffmann's guidance. In 1948 Hoffmann founded the Austrian Workshops as the successor to the Wiener Werkstätte and Werkbund (ÖWB), of which he had been a member until 1920.